Neodymium:Yttrium Aluminium Garnet (Nd:YAG) Laser Crystal
Neodymium:Yttrium Aluminium Garnet (Nd:YAG) is one of the most widely used lasing media, lasing at wavelengths - 940, 1064, 1320 and 1440nm and with a pumping wavelength of 808nm. Nd:YAG is versatile and is used across a broad range of applications.

Key strengths of Nd:YAG:
  • Lases at - 940, 1064 and 1320nm
  • Good optical quality making it easy to operate in TEM₀₀ mode
  • Good mechanical and thermal properties
Nd:YAG Laser Crystal - Availability
Doping Levels: 0.1 to 2.5atm% available
Orientation: <100> available
Format: Rods, Discs and Slabs

Rod sizes: Diameter: 3 - 28mm, Length: 30 - 220mm
Disc sizes: Diameter: 2 - 39mm, Thickness: >= 1mm
Slab sizes: Length: 60 - 180mm, Width: 6 - 24mm, Thickness: 3 - 4mm
Ends: Plane, Brewster, Concave and Convex
Sides: Ground, Polished and Grooved
Nd:YAG Laser Crystal - Properties
Laser / Optical Properties Units Value
Laser Wavelength - Principal nm 1064
Photon Energy 10‾²º J 1.86
Laser Wavelengths - Secondary nm 940,112,013,201,440
Laser Transition ⁴F3/2 -> ⁴I11/2
Laser Type Four Level
Laser Emission Line-width nm c.0.6
Laser - Cross-section (Peak) 10‾²º cm² 28
Pump/Absorption Wavelength nm 808
Pump/Absorption - Cross-section (Peak) 10‾²º cm² 6
Pump Wavelength Line-width nm <4
Fluorescence Life-time (1.1% Doped) us 230
Radiative Life-time us 550
Relaxation Time - Terminal Lasing Level ns 30
Refractive Index @1064nm 1.818
Refractive Index @633nm 1.83
Loss Coefficient @1064nm cm‾¹ 0.003
Abbe Value 65
Thermal Coeff. of Refractive Index (Dn/Dt) 10‾⁶/ºC 7.3
Physical / Thermal Properties Units Value
Chemical Formula Nd:Y³Al⁵O¹²
Crystal Structure Cubic - 1ad3
Space Group TBA
Cell Parameters/Lattice Constants A 12.01
Density g/cm³ 4.56
Melting Point ºC 1970
Specific Heat Capacity J/g K
Thermal Conductivity Coeff. W/m/ºC 0.14
Thermal Expansion Coeff. 10‾⁶/ºC 6.9
Hardness Mohs 8.5
Young's Modulus GPa 317
Knoop kgf/mm2
Sheer Modulus GPa 54.66
Poisson's Ratio 0.25
Chemical Durability ug/hrcm2
Nd:YAG Laser Crystal - Specifications/Coatings
Specifications (Typical) Units Value
Orientations (within 0.5°) <111> or <100>
Tolerance nm 0.5
mm 1
Parallelism " 10
Perpediculatity ' 5
Chamfer
Surface Quality (S/D)
Wavefront Distortion
Surface Flatness
Coatings (Typical)
Units
Value
Nd:YAG Laser Crystal - References/Further Reading